An mHealth Intervention Promoting Physical Activity and Healthy Eating in a Family Setting (SMARTFAMILY): Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Numerous smartphone apps are targeting physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE), but empirical evidence on their effectiveness for the initialization and maintenance of behavior change, especially in children and adolescents, is still limited. Social settings influence individual behavior; therefore, core settings such as the family need to be considered when designing mobile health (mHealth) apps. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a theory- and evidence-based mHealth intervention (called SMARTFAMILY [SF]) targeting PA and HE in a collective family-based setting. METHODS: A smartphone app based on behavior change theories and techniques was developed, implemented, and evaluated with a cluster randomized controlled trial in a collective family setting. Baseline (t0) and postintervention (t1) measurements included PA (self-reported and accelerometry) and HE measurements (self-reported fruit and vegetable intake) as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes (self-reported) were intrinsic motivation, behavior-specific self-efficacy, and the family health climate. Between t0 and t1, families of the intervention group (IG) used the SF app individually and collaboratively for 3 consecutive weeks, whereas families in the control group (CG) received no treatment. Four weeks following t1, a follow-up assessment (t2) was completed by participants, consisting of all questionnaire items to assess the stability of the intervention effects. Multilevel analyses were implemented in R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing) to acknowledge the hierarchical structure of persons (level 1) clustered in families (level 2). RESULTS: Overall, 48 families (CG: n=22, 46%, with 68 participants and IG: n=26, 54%, with 88 participants) were recruited for the study. Two families (CG: n=1, 2%, with 4 participants and IG: n=1, 2%, with 4 participants) chose to drop out of the study owing to personal reasons before t0. Overall, no evidence for meaningful and statistically significant increases in PA and HE levels of the intervention were observed in our physically active study participants (all P>.30). CONCLUSIONS: Despite incorporating behavior change techniques rooted in family life and psychological theories, the SF intervention did not yield significant increases in PA and HE levels among the participants. The results of the study were mainly limited by the physically active participants and the large age range of children and adolescents. Enhancing intervention effectiveness may involve incorporating health literacy, just-in-time adaptive interventions, and more advanced features in future app development. Further research is needed to better understand intervention engagement and tailor mHealth interventions to individuals for enhanced effectiveness in primary prevention efforts. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00010415; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00010415. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/20534.

Quasi-experimental evaluation of a nationwide diabetes prevention programme.

Diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and cost of illness1,2. Health behaviours, particularly those related to nutrition and physical activity, play a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus3. Whereas behaviour change programmes (also known as lifestyle interventions or similar) have been found efficacious in controlled clinical trials4,5, there remains controversy about whether targeting health behaviours at the individual level is an effective preventive strategy for type 2 diabetes mellitus6 and doubt among clinicians that lifestyle advice and counselling provided in the routine health system can achieve improvements in health7-9. Here we show that being referred to the largest behaviour change programme for prediabetes globally (the English Diabetes Prevention Programme) is effective in improving key cardiovascular risk factors, including glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), excess body weight and serum lipid levels. We do so by using a regression discontinuity design10, which uses the eligibility threshold in HbA1c for referral to the behaviour change programme, in electronic health data from about one-fifth of all primary care practices in England. We confirm our main finding, the improvement of HbA1c, using two other quasi-experimental approaches: difference-in-differences analysis exploiting the phased roll-out of the programme and instrumental variable estimation exploiting regional variation in programme coverage. This analysis provides causal, rather than associational, evidence that lifestyle advice and counselling implemented at scale in a national health system can achieve important health improvements.

Estrategia y plan de acción sobre la promoción de la salud en el contexto de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 2019-2030 / Strategy and Plan of Action on Health Promotion within the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals 2019-2030 / Stratégie et plan d'action sur la promotion de la santé dans le contexte des objectifs de développement durable 2019-2030

El objetivo de esta Estrategia y plan de acción sobre la promoción de la salud en el contexto de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 2019-2030 es renovar la promoción de la salud por medio de acciones sociales, políticas y técnicas que aborden los determinantes sociales de la salud, con el fin de mejorar la salud y reducir las inequidades en el contexto de la Agenda 2030. Este documento está vinculado a la Estrategia para el acceso universal a la salud y la cobertura universal de salud de la OPS y se centra en el trabajo con todos los niveles de gobierno, en particular el nivel local, para empoderar a las personas y comunidades en sus entornos y territorios. Dada su importancia, la intersectorialidad y la participación social se consideran como dos ejes transversales en todo el plan de acción y deberían reflejarse en las actividades para alcanzar cada línea estratégica (véase el anexo A). El compromiso con los principios del respeto de los derechos humanos, la equidad y la inclusión, teniendo en cuenta específicamente las cuestiones de género, la etnicidad, la interculturalidad y las discapacidades entre otros aspectos, es la base de todas las líneas estratégicas de acción. Cada país deberá adaptar la respuesta nacional, subnacional y local a su propia situación, contexto y prioridades. El presente plan de acción se basa en cuatro líneas estratégicas de acción que se refuerzan mutuamente, a saber, fortalecer los entornos saludables clave; facilitar la participación y el empoderamiento de la comunidad, y el compromiso de la sociedad civil; fortalecer la gobernanza y el trabajo intersectorial para mejorar la salud y el bienestar, y abordar los determinantes sociales de la salud, y fortalecer los sistemas y servicios de salud incorporando un enfoque de promoción de la salud.

The goal of this Strategy and Plan of Action on Health Promotion within the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals 2019-2030 is to renew health promotion through social, political, and technical actions, and addressing the sustainable development goals in order to improve health and reduce health inequities within the context of the 2030 Agenda. This document is linked to PAHO's Strategy for Universal Access to Health and Universal Health Coverage and focuses on work with all levels of government, but particularly the local level, to empower people and communities in their settings and territories. Given the importance of intersectoral action and social participation, these are considered as two cross-cutting axes throughout the Plan of Action and should be reflected in actions to achieve each strategic line. Commitment to the principles of respect for human rights, equity, and inclusivity, with specific consideration of gender, ethnicity, interculturality and disabilities, among others, underpins all the strategic lines of action. Each country will need to tailor its national, subnational, and local responses to its own situation, context and priorities. This Plan of Action is based on four mutually reinforcing strategic lines of action: strengthening key healthy settings; enabling community participation and empowerment and civil society engagement; enhancing governance and intersectoral work to improve health and well-being and address the social determinants of health; and strengthening health systems and services by incorporating a health promotion approach. The Strategy and Plan of Action on Health Promotion are aligned with the Universal Access to Health and Health Coverage 2014, the Astana Declaration 2018 and the Sustainable Development Goals.

Le but de la Stratégie et plan d'action sur la promotion de la santé dans le contexte des objectifs de développement durable 2019-2030 est de renouveler la promotion de la santé grâce à des mesures de nature sociale, politique et technique qui agissent sur les déterminants sociaux de la santé, afin d'améliorer la santé et de réduire les iniquités en santé dans le contexte du Programme à l'horizon 2030. Le présent document est lié à la Stratégie pour l'accès universel à la santé et la couverture sanitaire universelle de l'OPS et est axé sur la collaboration avec tous les niveaux de gouvernement, mais en particulier le niveau local, visant à accroître l'autonomie des personnes et des communautés dans leurs milieux et leurs territoires. Étant donné l'importance de l'action intersectorielle et de la participation sociale, ces deux aspects sont considérés comme représentant deux axes transversaux dans l'ensemble du plan d'action et devront se traduire par des mesures destinées à réaliser chaque axe stratégique (voir l'annexe A). L'adhésion aux principes de respect des droits de l'homme, de l'équité et de l'inclusivité, en tenant compte plus particulièrement du sexe, de l'appartenance ethnique, de l'interculturalité et des handicaps, entre autres facteurs, sous-tend tous les axes stratégiques d'intervention. Chaque pays devra adapter les réponses qu'il met en œuvre aux niveaux national, infranational et local à sa propre situation, à son propre contexte et à ses propres priorités. Ce plan d'action se fonde sur quatre axes stratégiques d'intervention qui se confortent mutuellement : renforcer des milieux sains névralgiques ; permettre la participation et l'autonomisation des communautés et la mobilisation de la société civile ; consolider la gouvernance et l'action intersectorielle en vue d'améliorer la santé et le bien-être et d'agir sur les déterminants sociaux de la santé, et renforcer les systèmes et les services sanitaires par l'intégration d'une approche de promotion de la santé.

Blog: ACT Promoção da Saúde: Dia Mundial do Câncer 2022

O Dia Mundial do Câncer é uma data celebrada anualmente em 4 de fevereiro. Em 2022, o Dia Mundial estará focado na conscientização sobre as desigualdades enfrentadas pelos pacientes na busca por tratamento. Segundo o site oficial, “embora estejamos vivendo em uma época de avanços surpreendentes na prevenção, no diagnóstico e no tratamento do câncer, muitas pessoas encontram dificuldades pelo caminho. Renda, nível educacional, localização geográfica e discriminação por raça, gênero, orientação sexual, idade, capacitismo e estilo de vida são alguns dos fatores que podem influenciar negativamente a busca por cuidados.” Em apoio ao Dia Mundial, a ACT fará um relançamento da nota técnica reformulada “Câncer: é possível prevenir fatores de risco”, publicada originalmente em novembro, com várias postagens nas mídias sociais e produção de vídeos falando sobre os principais fatores de risco modificáveis da doença. Também somos apoiadores da campanha Vá de Lenço, organizada anualmente pela Abrale para a data.

Estrategia Nacional de Salud para los objetivos sanitarios al 2030 / National Health Strategy for health objectives by 2030

La Reforma de Salud del año 2004 (Ley de Autoridad Sanitaria Nº19.937), establece como parte de la función rectora del Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL), la definición de objetivos sanitarios y en torno a ellos, el desarrollo de procesos de planificación sanitaria que han considerado una década para su logro. Los objetivos sanitarios se sitúan en una posición estratégica para el sector, enmarcando su desarrollo a través del Plan Nacional de Salud, instrumento que figura como su carta de navegación y que expone los principales desafíos sanitarios, estableciendo acciones y abordajes para enfrentarlos. Estos expresan la misión que la política pública se propone alcanzar en el mediano y largo plazo, específicamente en lo que respecta a mejorar la salud de la población, haciendo los esfuerzos para prolongar la vida y los años de vida libres de enfermedad y, simultáneamente, actuar sobre la reducción de las desigualdades en salud, mejorando la salud de los grupos más desfavorecidos de la sociedad(1). Cada ciclo de formulación de objetivos guarda coherencia con el periodo que lo antecede, dado que, los resultados alcanzados o no alcanzados modulan y determinan las prioridades y metas que el sector se propondrá para el nuevo decenio. En Chile, la formulación de OS fue impulsada por la ministra de Salud Michelle Bachelet el año 2000 en el marco del proceso de Reforma que empezaba a tomar forma en el sector. La experiencia de países como Estados Unidos, el Reino Unido y Canadá que habían realizado procesos similares, sirvió de referencia para el primer ejercicio de formulación que se realizó en Chile. La evaluación de ese periodo concluyó que más del 50% de las metas propuestas habían sido logradas. No obstante, había muchos aspectos que mejorar como la alineación sectorial con los OS y los instrumentos de gestión, la incorporación de mecanismos de monitoreo, la disponibilidad de instrumentos estandarizados y el fortalecimiento del Plan Nacional de Salud en el sector y el intersector. El decenio 2011 a 2020, convocó al sector salud en torno a la formulación de nuevos OS, así se definieron: Mejorar la salud de la población; Disminuir las inequidades; Aumentar la satisfacción de la población y Asegurar la calidad de las prestaciones de salud. Al finalizar esta década, el balance deja resultados disímiles entre las diferentes temáticas, sin embargo, la experiencia planteó aprendizajes relevantes para la formulación de los nuevos OS tanto en materia de salud poblacional como de gestión institucional, no sólo para el sector sino tambien para el intersector. En contexto del inicio de una nueva década, el Departamento de Estrategia Nacional de Salud (DENS) de la División de Planificación Sanitaria (DIPLAS) desarrolló el proceso de formulación de los Objetivos Sanitarios de la Década 2021-2030 y la construcción de un nuevo Plan Nacional de Salud, abarcando la implementación de cinco etapas sucesivas y considerando el desarrollo de una dimensión estratégica, una operativa y una participativa, a fin de crear una red de intervenciones coordinadas, coherentes y sólidas. Para ello, a lo largo de dicho proceso, se promovió el involucramiento de los distintos actores de la organización y la instalación de diversos escenarios para el desarrollo de una planificación sanitaria integrativa y multinivel, basada en el trabajo intra-intersectorial

What is the effectiveness of community-based health promotion campaigns on chlamydia screening uptake in young people and what barriers and facilitators have been identified? A mixed-methods systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The UK National Chlamydia Screening Programme uses an opportunistic approach. Many programmes use campaigns to raise awareness of chlamydia screening in young people. This review aimed to assess the effectiveness of campaigns on uptake of chlamydia screening in young people. METHODS: We conducted a mixed-methods systematic review of articles assessing the outcomes of community-based health-promotion campaigns to increase chlamydia screening in young people, their experiences of the campaigns and other facilitators and barriers to the conduct of the campaigns. We searched four databases for quantitative and qualitative studies with no language restrictions. MAIN RESULTS: From 10 329 records identified, 19 studies (20 articles) were included in the review: 14 quantitative, 2 qualitative and 3 mixed methods. All studies with quantitative outcomes were before-after study designs or interrupted time series. The prediction interval for relative change (RC) in test counts ranged from 0.95 to 1.56, with a summary pooled estimate of RC 1.22 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.30, 13 studies, I2=97%). For test positivity rate, 95% prediction interval was 0.59 to 1.48, with a summary pooled estimate of RC 0.93 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.07, 8 studies, I2=91.8%). Large variation in characteristics between studies precluded exploring outcomes by type of campaign components. Seven major qualitative themes to improve screening were identified: targeting of campaigns; quality of materials and message; language; anonymity; use of technology; relevance; and variety of testing options. CONCLUSIONS: Health promotion campaigns aiming to increase chlamydia testing in those aged 15-24 years may show some effectiveness in increasing overall numbers of tests, however numbers of positive tests do not follow the same trend. Qualitative findings indicate that campaigns require clear, relevant messaging that displays the full range of testing options and assures anonymity in order to be effective.

Recomendações para operacionalização da política nacional de promoção da saúde na atenção primária à saúde / Recommendations for the Operationalization of the National Health Promotion Policy in Primary Health Care

A promoção da saúde consiste em um conjunto de estratégias focadas na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos e coletividades. As ações de promoção da saúde são potencializadas por meio de ações coordenadas entre governo, setor saúde e outros setores sociais e econômicos para estabelecer estratégias que devem dialogar com as necessidades locais e as diferenças socioeconômicas e culturais em prol da construção de políticas públicas que promovam ambientes e territórios saudáveis, reforcem a ação comunitária na direção dos assuntos de saúde, desenvolvam habilidades pessoais de cuidado por meio da divulgação de informação e da educação para a saúde e reorientem os serviços de promoção da saúde, com a participação da comunidade e de outros setores (1). O desenvolvimento de ações para a promoção da saúde no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) desponta como importante resposta à reestruturação do modelo de atenção à saúde e à operacionalização de ações que priorizam uma abordagem fundamentada nos determinantes sociais da saúde. Nessa perspectiva, a promoção da saúde seria a estratégia preferencial para viabilizar a articulação de conhecimentos interdisciplinares no cuidado individual e coletivo, bem como a APS seria o lócus privilegiado para mobilização comunitária, capaz de propiciar mudanças de cultura organizacional, ampliação do escopo de ações e reorganização dos sistemas locais de saúde (1,2). O presente documento tem como objetivo definir recomendações, no sentido de orientar a operacionalização da Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde (PNPS) na APS, obtidas por meio de consenso de especialistas vinculados à temática de promoção da saúde, seguida de consulta pública, e direcionadas a colocar em prática os princípios e as proposições derivadas da PNPS, nas diversas conjunturas e nos diferentes contextos em que venham a ser implementadas (3)

Estrategia y plan de acción sobre la promoción de la salud en el contexto de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible: 2019-2030

En la Estrategia y plan de acción sobre la promoción de la salud en el contexto de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 2019-2030 se busca renovar la promoción de la salud por medio de acciones sociales, políticas y técnicas que aborden los determinantes sociales de la salud, las condiciones en las cuales las personas nacen, crecen, viven, trabajan y envejecen (1), con el fin de mejorar la salud y reducir las inequidades en la salud en el marco de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible.

Development and Validation of a Lifestyle Behavior Tool in Overweight and Obese Women through Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches.

There is a paucity of effective intervention tools for overweight/obese women to assess, guide and monitor their eating behavior. This study aimed to develop a lifestyle intervention tool, assess its acceptability and usefulness, and verify its construct validity in overweight/obese women. The 6P tool (Portion, Proportion, Pleasure, Phase, Physicality, Psychology) was developed and 15 women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 were interviewed to assess its perceived acceptability and usefulness. Subsequently, the revised 6P tool was tested in 46 women with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short (IPAQ), and weight were measured at baseline and one-month. Most participants were satisfied with the presentation of the 6P tool (86.8%), and agreed it was useful in guiding healthy eating (81.6%) and raising awareness of eating behavior (97.4%). There were significant improvements in cognitive restraint (p = 0.010) and disinhibition (p = 0.030) (TFEQ), portion size (P1), pleasure behaviors (P3), and total composite 6P score (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant reduction in weight or increase in physical activity. The 6P tool is acceptable and presents with good validity for assessing lifestyle behaviors.

Plan de Acciones Integrales de Salud (PAIS) / Comprehensive Action Plan of Health (PAIS)

A partir del enfoque de la salud presentado en el informe "A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians" de 1974 escrito por Marc Lalonde, entonces ministro de salud y bienestar de Canadá, se desarrolló el concepto de "determinantes sociales de la salud" (DSS). La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) los define como "Las circunstancias en que las personas nacen, crecen, traba- jan, viven y envejecen, incluido el conjunto más amplio de fuerzas y sistemas que influyen sobre las condiciones de la vida cotidiana". Numerosos programas y políticas nacionales e internacio- nales los han utilizado como marco de referencia. Entre esos programas está la estrategia de Municipios Saludables que se implementó durante los años 2001-2019. Si bien hay un consenso muy amplio en torno a esta perspectiva en el campo de la salud, no hay una clara definición de estrategias de abordaje concretas para las problemáticas de salud relacionadas a los determi- nantes sociales. El desafío que implica definir estas estrategias aumenta mientras más distancia se toma de los temas y perspectivas usualmente utilizadas en el campo de la salud. En este sen- tido, se diseñó el Plan de Acciones Integrales de Salud (PAIS) como herramienta para lograr abordajes operativos de los determinantes de la salud, de objetivar este desafío en los distintos contextos sociosanitarios de la Argentina. El PAIS se compone de siete líneas de promoción de la salud municipal con temáticas generales: 1) Ciudad Amigable para Personas Mayores, cuyas sublíneas abordan: la accesibilidad del entor- no físico, la integración social y las Residencias para Personas Mayores; 2) Gestión de Servicios de Salud sólo estará disponible en las provincias que tienen municipios con efectores de salud propios y se divide en las siguientes sublíneas: Salud Mental, Géneros y Diversidad y Enfermeda- des Crónicas no Transmisibles; 3) Salud Ambiental, posee también una sublínea: Gestión de Resi- duos Sólidos Urbanos; 4) Seguridad Vial; 5) Seguridad Alimentaria; 6) Entornos Saludables y 7) Fortalecimiento Institucional que se divide en las sublíneas: Fortalecimiento Institucional, Parti- cipación Comunitaria y Equidad. Cada línea de promoción de la salud está compuesta de acciones, con sus respectivos indicadores de avance y medios de verificación. Las acciones están secuenciadas en cinco etapas, siendo la primera de una duración de dos meses mientras que las siguientes de cuatro meses, cuyo cum- plimiento determina las transferencias: firma del convenio, diagnóstico, dos de implementación y por último una de evaluación y resultados finales. De esta forma, el PNCMyCS logra establecer una estrategia financiera de apoyo por objetivos alcanzados entre los municipios y las provin- cias.

Improving Fecal Immunochemical Testing Rates for Colon Cancer Screening in the Outpatient Setting.

OBJECTIVES: The amount of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using the noninvasive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) at a federally qualified health center, Five Rivers Health Clinic (Dayton, Ohio), has been low historically. Our quality improvement (QI) project aimed to improve CRC screening adherence in eligible patients who opted for FIT. METHODS: Three hundred ninety-two patients with FIT orders for CRC were screened during an 11-month period. The preintervention group (pre-I) was enrolled from December 1, 2018 to May 31, 2019, and the postintervention group (post-I) from June 1, 2019 to October 31, 2019. Three interventions were used: resident physicians trained during clinic meetings regarding FIT education for patients, posters displayed in patient rooms outlining the benefits of CRC screening, and standardized US mail reminder letters sent to FIT patients. Patient demographics and clinical variables were collected along with return rate. RESULTS: The return rate for post-I was twice that of pre-I (74.4%, 95% confidence interval 64.6-82.3 vs 31.1, 95% confidence interval 26.2-36.6; P < 0.001). The pre-I/post-I groups did not differ on demographic and clinical characteristics, and, except for race, none of these variables was associated with returning the FIT screening card. CONCLUSIONS: The compliance rate for FIT completion and return more than doubled among our clinic patients after using a three-component QI intervention. Except for a difference in race, the lack of association between demographic and clinical characteristics with either pre-I/post-I group or return/no return of the FIT card leads us to conclude that our QI program for increasing FIT compliance is effective. Other settings where CRC screening is a prominent component of preventive care may benefit from adopting a similar QI intervention.

Global Public Health Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior for People Living With Chronic Conditions: A Call to Action.

BACKGROUND: In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) released global guidelines on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior, for the first time providing population-based recommendations for people living with selected chronic conditions. This article briefly presents the guidelines, related processes and evidence, and, importantly, considers how they may be used to support research, practice, and policy. METHODS: A brief overview of the scope, agreed methods, selected chronic conditions (adults living with cancer, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and human immunodeficiency virus), and appraisal of systematic review evidence on PA/sedentary behavior is provided. Methods were consistent with World Health Organization protocols for developing guidelines. RESULTS: Moderate to high certainty evidence (varying by chronic condition and outcome examined) supported that PA can reduce the risk of disease progression or premature mortality and improve physical function and quality of life in adults living with chronic conditions. Direct evidence on sedentary behavior was lacking; however, evidence extrapolated from adult populations was considered applicable, safe, and likely beneficial (low certainty due to indirectness). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and public health professionals and policy makers should promote the World Health Organization 2020 global guidelines and develop and implement services and programs to increase PA and limit sedentary behavior in adults living with chronic conditions.

Faith Community Nursing: Faith Element Enhances Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program Outcomes.

The high prevalence of hypertension among African Americans makes faith-based education programs culturally appropriate. Faith-enhanced health education is a way to reach these often healthcare-disenfranchised populations. With Every Heartbeat is Life (WEHL), a community-based heart health program, was enhanced with Scripture and prayer for this project. The program took place in an African American nondenominational church. The Scripture-enhanced WEHL program emphasized biblical teachings of self-care with standard lessons on nutrition, exercise, smoking cessation, and disease management interventions that increased knowledge of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risks.

National physical activity and sedentary behaviour policies in 76 countries: availability, comprehensiveness, implementation, and effectiveness.

BACKGROUND: Evidence on current, national physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) policies is limited. We, therefore, analysed availability, comprehensiveness, implementation, and effectiveness of PA and SB policies internationally. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) Country Contacts from 173 countries were asked to provide data on their national PA and SB policies by completing GoPA! Policy Inventory. Data were collected for 76 countries (response rate = 44%). RESULTS: Formal written policies for PA and SB were found in 92% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 86, 98) and 62% (95% CI: 50, 75) of countries, respectively. Sixty-two percent (95% CI: 51, 73) of countries have national PA guidelines, while 40% (95% CI: 29, 52) have SB guidelines. Fifty-two (95% CI: 40, 64) and 11% (95% CI: 3, 19) of countries have quantifiable national targets for PA and SB, respectively. The most represented ministries/departments involved in the promotion of more PA and/or less SB were in the sport (reported by 99% countries; 95% CI: 96, 100), health (97%; 95% CI: 94, 100), education (94%; 95% CI: 88, 100), and recreation and leisure (85%; 95% CI: 71, 99) sectors. The median score (0-10) for the comprehensiveness of PA and SB policies was 4 (95% CI: 4, 5) and 2 (95% CI: 2, 3), respectively. For PA and SB policy implementation it was 6 (95% CI: 5, 6). For the effectiveness of PA and SB policies it was 4 (95% CI: 3, 5) and 3 (95% CI: 2, 4), respectively. PA and SB policies were generally best developed in high-income countries and countries of European and Western-Pacific regions. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the included countries have PA policies, but their comprehensiveness, implementation, and effectiveness are generally low-to-moderate. SB policies are less available, comprehensive, implemented, and effective than PA policies. PA and SB policies are better developed in high-income countries, compared with low- and lower-middle-income countries, and in countries of European and Western-Pacific regions, compared with other world regions. More investment is needed in development and implementation of comprehensive and effective PA and SB policies, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries.

Impact of health information technology optimization on clinical quality performance in health centers: A national cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Delivery of preventive care and chronic disease management are key components of a high functioning primary care practice. Health Centers (HCs) funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) have been delivering affordable and accessible primary health care to patients in underserved communities for over fifty years. This study examines the association between health center organization's health information technology (IT) optimization and clinical quality performance. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Using 2016 Uniform Data System (UDS) data, we performed bivariate and multivariate analyses to study the association of Meaningful Use (MU) attestation as a proxy for health IT optimization, patient centered medical home (PCMH) recognition status, and practice size on performance of twelve electronically specified clinical quality measures (eCQMs). Bivariate analysis demonstrated performance of eleven out of the twelve preventive and chronic care eCQMs was higher among HCs attesting to MU Stage 2 or above. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that Stage 2 MU or above, PCMH status, and larger practice size were positively associated with performance on cancer screening, smoking cessation counseling and pediatric weight assessment and counseling eCQMs. CONCLUSIONS: Organizational advancement in MU stages has led to improved quality of care that augments HCs patient care capacity for disease prevention, health promotion, and chronic care management. However, rapid technological advancement in health care acts as a potential source of disparity, as considerable resources needed to optimize the electronic health record (EHR) and to undertake PCMH transformation are found more commonly among larger HCs practices. Smaller practices may lack the financial, human and educational assets to implement and to maintain EHR technology. Accordingly, targeted approaches to support small HCs practices in leveraging economies of scale for health IT optimization, clinical decision support, and clinical workflow enhancements are critical for practices to thrive in the dynamic value-based payment environment.

American Cancer Society guideline for diet and physical activity for cancer prevention.

The American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes the Diet and Physical Activity Guideline to serve as a foundation for its communication, policy, and community strategies and, ultimately, to affect dietary and physical activity patterns among Americans. This guideline is developed by a national panel of experts in cancer research, prevention, epidemiology, public health, and policy, and reflects the most current scientific evidence related to dietary and activity patterns and cancer risk. The ACS guideline focuses on recommendations for individual choices regarding diet and physical activity patterns, but those choices occur within a community context that either facilitates or creates barriers to healthy behaviors. Therefore, this committee presents recommendations for community action to accompany the 4 recommendations for individual choices to reduce cancer risk. These recommendations for community action recognize that a supportive social and physical environment is indispensable if individuals at all levels of society are to have genuine opportunities to choose healthy behaviors. This 2020 ACS guideline is consistent with guidelines from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association for the prevention of coronary heart disease and diabetes as well as for general health promotion, as defined by the 2015 to 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.

Choosing Wisely® in Hematology: Have We Made a Difference?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The Choosing Wisely® initiative, led by the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation in collaboration with national professional medical societies, aims to help patients choose care that is essential, free from harm, and evidence-based. The American Society of Hematology has advocated practices specific to hematology for physicians and patients to examine carefully. Here, we summarize various barriers to adopting these practices, interventions used to improve adoption, and challenges in measuring the effectiveness of these interventions. RECENT FINDINGS: The Choosing Wisely® campaign has become an international effort with more than 20 countries worldwide having embraced it. Such widespread interest indicates that the campaign initiated an important dialog between patients and physicians about overutilization of resources. Evidence showing the positive impact of interventions on adopting these practices is accumulating, but their effect on improving clinical outcomes is uncertain. Decreasing overuse of resources is a cultural change in perspective for practitioners and patients alike. We believe that healthcare delivery is transitioning from being volume-based to value-based. As we continue to support the Choosing Wisely® campaign, we need to implement strategies to document and measure the influence of our value-based recommendations on physician practices, patient care and attitudes, and healthcare costs.

Effects of the Continuous Care Model on the Health-Promoting Lifestyle in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the chief cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide, with the incidence increasing exponentially particularly in low- to middle-income countries. The increase in the incidence of breast cancer is partly accounted for by increases in life expectancy due to improvements in public health, but also related to an increase in risk factors for cancer including smoking, excess body weight, decreased physical activity, and changes in reproductive activity. Health-promoting lifestyle is therefore one of the major topics of importance in studying chronic illnesses and cancer. Health promotion interventions, including the use of care models, have a vast contribution to make in terms of timely diagnosis and improved survival. One such care model, which has been designed to increase self-care, adherence, and performance in chronic patients, is the continuous care model (CCM). This study was conducted with the purpose of determining the influence of the CCM on the health-promoting lifestyle of patients with breast cancer during 2017-2018. In this randomized clinical trial, 60 patients with breast cancer were chosen by convenience sampling followed by random allocation into treatment and control groups. Six sessions of group discussion were held for the treatment group according to the CCM and items in the health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire. Data collection tools included a general health questionnaire, a demographic questionnaire, a family support questionnaire, and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP), which respondents completed before and after the intervention. P values ≤ .05 were considered significant. When comparing the mean score of health-promoting lifestyle in both the control and treatment groups, before and after the intervention, significant increases in every dimension were observed. The average overall health promotion lifestyle was revealed to be significantly elevated from 123.48 to 147.12. However, in the control group the mean scores had slightly increased or were the same in all the dimensions. In addition, the average overall health promotion lifestyle had increased from 119.89 to 121.32. The observed difference in mean scores was not statistically significant. The CCM increased the score of health-promoting lifestyle of patients with breast cancer. Therefore, this caring model can be considered an alternative to improve healthy lifestyles of patients with cancer.